Lemurs are primates belonging to the infraorder Lemuriformes, which is part of the suborder Strepsirrhini. They are endemic to Madagascar and the nearby Comoros Islands, representing one of the most distinctive examples of island evolution. Over 100 recognized species exist, ranging from the tiny Microcebus murinus (the gray mouse lemur), one of the smallest primates in the world, to the large Indri indri, a striking black-and-white species known for its haunting calls.

Characteristic traits of lemurs include a moist rhinarium (wet nose), a reflective layer behind the retina called the tapetum lucidum (enhancing night vision), and long tails used for balance. Unlike many primates, several lemur societies are matriarchal, with females exerting dominance over males.

Unfortunately, lemurs are among the most endangered mammals on Earth. Habitat destruction, driven by slash-and-burn agriculture and logging, combined with hunting, has placed over 90% of lemur species at risk of extinction according to the IUCN Red List. Conservation efforts, such as habitat protection and ecotourism, are vital to their survival.